Many-Worlds

Sometime back I wrote that the many-world interpretation of quantum mechanics entails the universe splitting every time a measurement is made. 

That is completely wrong.

Whatever you think about many-worlds, whatever your philosophical preconceptions are, you must admit that it's the most elegant interpretation of quantum mechanics, if you take its implications seriously (which the Copenhagen interpretation does not).

Many-worlds takes the unitary evolution of the wavefunction at face value: there is no collapse - that is, the wavefunction always evolves according to the Schrodinger equation - and therefore no special observer that causes the collapse. The apparent randomness of quantum processes is due to decoherence: the measurement apparatus and the quantum system become entangled and almost immediately decohere, meaning that the many different combinations of measurement and state giving rise to that particular measurement effectively decouple and stop interfering with each other. 

The result is that the combinations measurement + state live in separate worlds. They don't interfere with each other anymore and they are effectively in disconnected realities. This is the reason why a measurement never sees a superposition of states, but always and only one. 

The universe as a whole is however completely deterministic, and the wave function of the universe follows strictly unitary laws. The weirdness of quantum mechanics is a direct result of our inability to see the whole picture, to being restricted to only one branch of reality. 

That doesn't mean that the universe splits every time a measurement is made. In fact, the Hilbert space of the universal wave function is fixed from the beginning. No states (i.e. worlds) are ever added or removed. What changes with time is simply the probability distribution over these states or worlds. 

From the point of view of an observer, the probability of a state is the probability of finding themselves in that branch of the wavefunction after a measurement (i.e. after decoherence has run its course).

No splitting, no ever creating universes. Just one, fixed from the beginning, which evolves in a completely deterministic fashion, of which we can only glimpse one of an infinite number of branches. And it's this inability to see the full picture, to observe the universe sub specie æternitatis, that fools us into believing in randomness, entanglement, and all the quantum strangeness.   

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